At present, COVID-19 vaccine is considered as the safest, economic and effective measureto prevent and control COVID-19. Adaptive immunity, including humoral immunity andcellular immunity, plays a role in anti-viral responses. Cellular immunity includes virusspecific B cells and T cells, which can provide long-term memory immunity. For acuteviral infection, neutralizing antibody is of great significance in preventing infection,while memory cell immunity can maintain a good broad-spectrum and persistence incontrolling mutant strains, which is a key factor in controlling viral replication afterinfection and reducing severe disease and death. However, there is no systematic study onthe specific immune response and infection risk of novel coronavirus, and there is nodefinite conclusion on which specific protective immune response induced by vaccine canreduce the risk of infection. Therefore, this study aims to establish a prospectivereal-world cohort, analyze the correlation between multiple baseline immune protectionindicators and infection risk, follow up the population with breakthrough infection, andmonitor the dynamic specific immune response to COVID-19 in peripheral blood andrespiratory mucosa. This study will provide an important scientific basis for us toscientifically assess the risk of individual infection with COVID-19.