This platform protocol is designed to be flexible so that it is suitable for a wide rangeof settings within health care systems, for remote settings, and in community settingswhere it can be integrated into COVID-19 programs and subsequent treatment plans.This protocol is a prospective, multi-center, multi-arm, randomized, controlled platformtrial evaluating potential interventions for PASC-mediated cognitive dysfunction. Thehypothesis is that PASC associated dysfunction in cognitive domains, such as executivefunction and attention, may be improved by interventions that selectively focus onenhancing those domains.
Participants will be randomized to one of the intervention appendices that are actively
enrolling at the time of randomization. Intervention appendices may be added or removed
according to adaptive design and/or emerging evidence. Various interventions will be
studied.
Other: BrainHQ/Active Comparator Activity
BrainHQ platform provides a set of cognitive activities, like puzzles and games, that are
cognitively stimulating and actively engage participants but do not continuously and
adaptively challenge them. These activities are designed to be a face-valid, active
comparison approach to cognitive therapy, thus participants are blinded, attention time
is matched, and overall user experience is identical to the active arms.
Other: BrainHQ
BrainHQ is an online cognitive training program, and has been used to improve cognitive
function among persons with cognitive impairment based on principles of neuroplasticity.
Other: PASC CoRE
PASC CoRE is a manualized, adaptable cognitive rehabilitation intervention adapted from
Goal Management Training and other evidence based programs that improve attention and
executive functions, among other cognitive domains.
Device: tDCS-active
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will use a device specifically for
home-based use. This device delivers a weak electrical current of 2.0 mA passed through
two electrodes placed on the scalp to target the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region of
the brain. The electrodes are single-use for each session and can be attached to a
headset by snapping into place.
The device has a user-friendly interface and a large-button keypad, making it is easy to
use at home.
Device: tDCS-sham
tDCS devices used in the sham arm will be pre-programmed to deliver the same ramp up/down
at the beginning/end of the 30-minute period as the active arm, except with no current
otherwise delivered during the session.
Inclusion Criteria:
In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the
following criteria:
1. ≥ 18 years of age at the time of enrollment
2. PROMIS-Cog T-score < 40
  3. Previous suspected, probable, or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, as defined by the
     Pan American Health Organization
Suspected case of SARS-CoV-2 infection - three options, A through C:
A. Met clinical OR epidemiological criteria:
     a. Clinical criteria: Acute onset of fever AND cough (influenza-like illness) OR
     Acute onset of ANY THREE OR MORE of the following signs or symptoms: fever, cough,
     general, weakness/fatigue, headache, myalgia, sore throat, coryza, dyspnea, nausea,
     diarrhea, anorexia; b. Epidemiological criteria: Contact of a probable or confirmed
     case or linked to a COVID-19 cluster;
     B. Presented acute respiratory infection with history of fever or measured fever of
     ≥ 38°C and cough, with onset within the last 10 days, and who requires
     hospitalization; or
     C. Presented with no clinical signs or symptoms, NOR meeting epidemiologic criteria
     with a positive professional use or self-test SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Rapid Diagnostic
     Test.
     Probable case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as having met clinical criteria above
     AND was a contact of a probable or confirmed case or was linked to a COVID-19
     cluster.
Confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection - two options, A through B:
     A. Presented with a positive nucleic acid amplification test, regardless of clinical
     criteria OR epidemiological criteria; or
     B. Met clinical AND/OR epidemiological criteria (See suspected case A.a.), with a
     positive professional use or self-test SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Rapid Diagnostic Test.
     * Suspected and probable cases will only be allowed if they occurred before May 1,
     2021, and will be limited to 10% of the study population. Otherwise, confirmed cases
     are required.
  4. Cognitive dysfunction symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 infection that have persisted
     for at least 12 weeks and are still present at the time of consent
5. Fluent in English or Spanish language
  6. Willing and able to provide informed consent, complete the intervention, complete
     the intervention assessments, and return for all of the necessary follow-up visits
Exclusion Criteria:
An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation
in this study:
  1. Prior or active unstable or progressive major psychiatric or neurologic condition
     that would not show improvement and could hide treatment effect and is not related
     to SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the investigator's discretion, including, but not
     limited to, the following examples:
     a. Progressive neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
     disease, etc.
     b. Past traumatic brain injury occurrence still associated with active
     post-concussive symptoms c. Uncontrolled seizure disorder, such as having at least
     one seizure in the last year that is adjudicated by clinical judgement d.
     Post-stroke deficits that may interfere with assessment, such as language or
     communication difficulties, aphasia, etc.
     e. Formal thought disorders, such as schizophrenia, etc. f. Any neuropsychiatric or
     neurologic disorder uncontrolled for the previous six months or that may interfere
     with assessment, at discretion of the investigator
  2. Known prior diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, not
     related to SARS-CoV-2 infection
3. Known active acute SARS-CoV-2 infection ≤ 4 weeks from consent
  4. Current use of symptomatic therapies including prescribed or illicit stimulants,
     amantadine, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine, dissociative
     drugs)
5. Current use of a stimulant for treating any PASC-related symptom
6. Current diagnosis of alcohol and substance use disorders
     a. Prior use disorders acceptable if abstinence achieved and maintained for at least
     12 months before study enrollment
  7. Insufficient visual, auditory, and motor function to participate in intervention and
     assessments
8. Known pregnancy
9. Current or recent use (within the last 2 months) of intervention*
 10. Known allergy/sensitivity/hypersensitivity to components of the intervention or
     comparator*
 11. Currently receiving/using intervention from another clinical trial, such as another
     RECOVER trial
 12. Any condition that would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator,
     unsuitable for the study
       1. The site investigator has the discretion to determine whether a participant is
          too cognitively impaired to participate and should instead be referred for
          clinical evaluation.
Exclusions specific to intervention appendices are listed in each appendix.
* Relevant if only one intervention appendix is open at the time of enrollment, though
exclusion may be qualified in the appendix. If multiple intervention appendices are open,
a participant may be excluded from any intervention appendix based on contraindications
listed in the intervention appendix, current use of intervention, or known
allergy/sensitivity/hypersensitivity and still remain eligible for the remaining
intervention appendices.
Banner University Medical Center Phoenix
Phoenix	5308655, Arizona	5551752, United States
Banner University Medical Center- Tucson
Tucson	5318313, Arizona	5551752, United States
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
Los Angeles	5368361, California	5332921, United States
Stanford University
Stanford	5398563, California	5332921, United States
Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance	5403022, California	5332921, United States
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora	5412347, Colorado	5417618, United States
University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville
Jacksonville	4160021, Florida	4155751, United States
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago	4887398, Illinois	4896861, United States
OSF Healthcare
Peoria	4905687, Illinois	4896861, United States
North Shore University Health System/Evanston Hospital
Skokie	4911600, Illinois	4896861, United States
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City	4273837, Kansas	4273857, United States
Jadestone Clinical Research
Silver Spring	4369596, Maryland	4361885, United States
Boston Medical Center
Boston	4930956, Massachusetts	6254926, United States
Beth Israel Daeconess Medical Center
Boston	4930956, Massachusetts	6254926, United States
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon	5088597, New Hampshire	5090174, United States
NYU Langone Health/Brooklyn Hospital
Brooklyn	5110302, New York	5128638, United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York	5128581, New York	5128638, United States
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland	5150529, Ohio	5165418, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston	4699066, Texas	4736286, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio	4726206, Texas	4736286, United States
University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics
Salt Lake City	5780993, Utah	5549030, United States
University of Vermont
Burlington	5234372, Vermont	5242283, United States
University of Washington
Seattle	5809844, Washington	5815135, United States
West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Morgantown	4815352, West Virginia	4826850, United States