Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium species grouped in the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. TB remains a major global health problem, despite the
fact that there are drugs that can eradicate the infection. Of concern, however, are both
underdiagnosis and the circulation of strains resistant to first-line therapies. Indeed,
if not properly administered, TB treatment regimens are associated with unfavorable
outcomes, promoting the circulation of the bacterium and the emergence of drug
resistance. Monitoring the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment is therefore of
paramount importance in both clinical practice and surveillance to maximize the quality
of individual patient care and the effectiveness of public health actions. The COVID-19
pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for populations, public health departments,
and health facilities worldwide, and is likely to have devastating effects on global TB
prevention and control programs, including a reversal of the progress achieved over the
past decade.The present study aims to describe the case history of TB patients afferent
to A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio and Cesare Arrigo in Alexandria and to evaluate treatment
outcomes. This facility underwent a disruption of services during the pandemic period,
and also initiated in the post-pandemic period a TB clinical management service with an
active retention-in-care approach, generating appointments for follow-up visits and
contacting patients who did not keep these appointments.