COVID-19 is currently one of the serious public health challenges worldwide, and there isa great need to develop effective treatments. Paxlovid is a Pfizer-developed oral newdrug for the treatment of COVID-19. Paxlovid, which is used to treat adult patients withmild to moderate COVID-19 who have high-risk factors for progression to severe disease,was conditionally approved for marketing in the United States and China in December 2021and February 2022, respectively. Clinical trials have shown that this drug cansignificantly reduce the progression from mild to severe disease and the rate ofhospitalization and mortality. However, due to the limitations of clinical trials in thesubject selection, there is still insufficient knowledge about the efficacy and safety ofPaxlovid in a real-world population. Relevant studies on this drug in real-world people,especially in Chinese populations, have not been reported. Therefore, this study wasdesigned to investigate the efficacy and safety of Paxlovid on sufferers of COVID-19through a retrospective, real-world analysis.