Official Title
Comparison of Bi-Level Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) and Modified Thoraco Abdominal Plane Block (M-TAPA) in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Brief Summary

Laparoscopy is a surgical technique used for basic diagnosis and treatment. Theadvantages of laparoscopic techniques compared to open surgery have been demonstrated bystudies. With the developing medicine and technology, minimally invasive approaches havebeen targeted in interventional procedures. In laparoscopic surgeries, access to theabdomen is provided with the help of a trocar and a temporary pneumoperitoneum is createdwith gas insufflation. Despite all these developments, even when laparoscopic techniquesare used, postoperative pain is the most disturbing issue for patients. Postoperativepain can seriously reduce the quality of life in patients and acute pain can even triggerchronic pain syndromes. Epidural analgesia, paravertebral, erector spinae plane,intercostal nerve, transverse abdominis plane, external oblique, modifiedthoracoabdominal plane, rectus sheath block are used for anesthesia and analgesia duringlaparoscopic abdominal surgeries (LAS). In recent years, regional nerve blocks, includingerector spinae plane block (ESPB) and modified thoraco-abdominal plane block (M-TAPA),have been applied for the treatment of pain in patients undergoing LAS due to variouscauses. ESPB was first described by Forero et al. in 2016 and has been frequently usedfor the treatment of acute pain in the postoperative period following abdominalsurgeries. ESPB can be applied at any level from cervical to sacral, covering dermatomesappropriate for the surgical area under USG guidance. Cadaver studies for the ESPBmechanism have shown that local anesthetic spreads ipsilaterally and contralaterally andthat it has analgesic efficacy both on the side where it is applied and on the oppositeside. This peripheral nerve block, which is usually applied at a single level, can alsobe applied at bi-level. Studies have also shown that when ESPB is applied at bi-level,analgesic efficacy increases due to local anesthetic spread.M-TAPA is a new peripheral nerve block technique defined by Tulgar et al. It has highanalgesic efficacy in thoraco-abdominal surgery. It has been shown to be advantageous inupper umbilical surgeries by involving more dermatomes compared to the transverseabdominis plane block. Lateral and anterior branches of thoraco-abdominal nerves areblocked with M-TAPA. It provides analgesia in a wide area between T5 and T12 and can alsobe applied for LAS. In our clinic, Bi-level ESPB or M-TAPA is routinely applied tosuitable patients after anesthesia induction, and intraoperative anesthesia is maintainedwith inhalation and intravenous anesthetic agents. Multimodal analgesia management hasbeen adopted as postoperative analgesia management.

Detailed Description

Not Provided

Not yet recruiting
Opioid Consumption
Numerical Rating Scale
Demographic Data

Procedure: Group Bi-level ESPB

The block procedure is performed immediately before surgery begins after general
anesthesia induction, with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. For the block,
sterile conditions are provided with USG, and the erector spinae muscle and vertebral
process are visualized, and the in plane technique is used. The target vertebral level
for bi-level ESPB is two levels, T5 and T7. The block needle is advanced in the
caudo-cranial direction, and the potential area between the erector spinae muscle and the
transverse process of the relevant vertebra is targeted. The block location is confirmed
by injecting 2 ml of saline between the transverse process and the muscle. After the
block location is confirmed, a total of 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine is applied, using 20
ml of 0.25% bupivacaine for a single level.

Procedure: Group M-TAPA block

The procedure is performed in the supine position immediately before surgery after
general anesthesia induction and the in plane technique is used. The transversus
abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique muscles are identified at the
costochondral angle in the sagittal plane under ultrasound guidance at the 10th costal
margin. The block needle is advanced in the caudo-cranial direction and a deep angle is
given with the probe in the sagittal direction to the costochondral angle at the edge of
the 10th rib to visualize the lower surface of the costal cartilage in the midline. The
block location is confirmed by injecting 2 ml of saline onto the transverse abdominis
muscle under the 10th costal cartilage. After the block location is confirmed, 20 ml of
0.25% bupivacaine is used. This procedure is repeated for the opposite side and a total
of 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine is used.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1-Patients over 18 years of age

2.Those with ASA score I-II-III

3.Those with body mass index (BMI) between 18-40

4.Patients who underwent LAS in the operating room with Bi-level ESPB or M-TAPA

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Those under 18 years of age

2. Those with ASA score IV and above

3. Those with advanced co-morbidities

4. Those with a history of bleeding diathesis

5. Patients with infection in the area where the block will be performed

6. Those with BMI below 18 and above 40

7. Patients who underwent surgery under emergency conditions

8- Patients with advanced liver and kidney failure

Eligibility Gender
All
Eligibility Age
Minimum: 18 Years ~ Maximum: 110 Years
Locations

Not Provided

Contacts

Seyyid Furkan Seyyid Furkan, MD
00905301539252
kinafurkan@gmail.com

Savaş Altınsoy, Assoc Prof
00905332257104
savasaltinsoy@gmail.com

Seyyid Furkan Seyyid Furkan, MD, Principal Investigator
Ankara Etlik City Hospital

Ankara Etlik City Hospital
NCT Number
Keywords
Modified Thoraco Abdominal Block
Erector Spinae Plane Block
Abdominal surgery
Pain